(123movies) Panipat: The Great Betrayal Watch Stream

4.9/ 5stars

§§ ⬇⬇⬇⬇⬇⬇⬇⬇⬇⬇⬇⬇

§§

§§ ♲♲♲♲♲♲♲♲♲♲♲♲

 

 

India / 2019 / directors Ashutosh Gowariker / Writer Aditya Rawal / Genres History / Both the Maratha and Abdali fought and lost, the Sikhs turned out to be victorious. The rise of Sikh empire. took place.

Mene Movie Dekhli Me Deta Hon Is Movie Ko ⭐⭐⭐🌠3.5 Out OF 5 Stars Blockbuster Bhaijaan. My all time fav At least 5 time in minerva.kastruba and satyam. I have watched this movie. No Doubt, Sanjay Datt Sir did a marvelous Act. Every single moment in the movie, only one thing was going in my mind, how would it feel if Ranveer Singh Ji had been there. I enjoyed the ending phase.

0:41 lol best scene.

 

Panipat the great betrayal watch streamer. JAST WOSSAM. Abe is Arjun Kapoor (gol gappa) Ko actor kisne banaya. Akshay Kumar superstar 💕❤️. Panipat: The Great Betrayal Watch stream online. I'm from Philippines and I wish it would also be showing here in our theaters. Hilarious 😂😂😂. Panipat: The Great Betrayal Watch stream of consciousness. Panipat: The Great Betrayal Watch stream new albums. Dattaji Rao Scindia Bachenge to aur ladenge. Kya faltu hai,isme bhi secularism 😂. ye har jagah zabarsti ka secularism ghusane ka chutyapa bollywood kab band karega.

The most talented but underrated actors of Bollywood: Nawazuddin, Ayushman, Rajkumar Rao, Manoj Bajpai and some others. They are 100x better than the Khans and Kapoors who sit atop the industry.
Panipat: The Great Betrayal Watch.
Jai Bhavani Jai Shivaji Jai Maharashtra.
Ranveer Bhai aaj samaj aaya tussi great kyu ho🤣🤣🤣🤣.

Panipat: The Great Betrayal Watch streaming sur internet. Good to see kriti in such a role but why the hell is arjun kapoor casted. 🤑 sanjay dutt is the only one to be excited about. Panipat 3a the great betrayal watch stream price. Panipat 3a the great betrayal watch stream review. Complete piece of garbage. Arjun Kapoor had no expression in any scene. He sucks. Such a good story yet not good for some immature acting. He should retire. The story has done full justice to the movie. I'd recommend watching this movie from a historic episode point of view and not just a 3 hour entertainment flick. 🇮🇳Panipat must wach movie for Every Indian. Panipat 5/5 ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️first day first show. Blockbuster movie. Arjun Kapoor, Kriti Senon, Sanjay Dutt superb acting🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥.

When professor sets difficult exam and gives good marks in internals: marenge bhi hum aur bachayenge bhi hum😂😂😁😁. Rakesh Yadav 🤭🤭😂. Jaato ko mirchi lagi. Mere jaat dost tum log abhi Brahmin era mein reh rahe ho to wo tumhari bahaduri thodi na dikhayege. Brahmin kabse Bahadur hone lage wo to sirf conspiracy karte hain satta mein bane rahne ke liye. lade to humesha pathan / Sikh aur rajput.

Sadak film. Superb I love this movie. This should have been the first trailer. Anyways, I have watched two back to back shows today. It was an amazing experience. Thank you Mr. Ashutosh Gowariker for giving us Lagaan, Jodha Akbar and now Panipat. 🔥🔥💯 #JaiHind 🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳 Hindustan sada pehle hi rahega Goosebumps 🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳.

I am worried that this movie not doing well. Great Battles # 7 Ulm - Austerlitz 1805 | Page 4 | Indian Defence Forum Dismiss Notice Welcome to IDF- Indian Defence Forum, register for free to join this friendly community of defence enthusiastic from around the world. Make your opinion heard and appreciated. Page 4 of 4 < Prev 1 2 3 4 BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ-VII ​ With the withdrawal of Constantine from Blasowitz following his aborted attack on Rivaud(post #69) Lichtenstein had also withdrawn with Hohenlohe's 3 depleted cuirassier regiments towards Krenowitz. (U can see them in last post final map) Uvarov now with his flank exposed had withdrawn his battered dragoons and elisabethgrad hussars to the other bank of the rausnitz stream. Nansouty's Heavy cavalry division followed and kept watch 12:30 with the pratzen heights clear of the enemy Lannes was free to move against Bagration. LANNES/MURAT VS BAGRATION: Lannes planned to cave in Bagration's left flank while pinning down his centre and right. Caffarelli with his whole division of 10 battalions (line regiments 61, 30, 17, 51 and 13 Light -51 and 13L formerly garrisoning blasowitz now freed up)moved on Holubitz and Krug. Six of Suchet's 10 battalion s( 88, 40, 34) launched a frontal pinning attack on bagration's centre with 2 more in reserve on the second Lannes left stood suchet's last 2 battalions of 17L supported by the light cavalry of Milhaud who had previously repulsed Bagration's diversionary attack in this tween Lannes centre and left wing stood D'hautpol's fresh heavy Cuirassiers. Kellerman's light cavalry regiments and Walther's fresh dragoon regiments were in reserve to the rear. ( Suchet - future marshal)​ Bagration was outnumbered, but his troops were still left wing was anchored at Holubitz village manned by 3 battalions of 6Jaeger with shepelov's cavalry brigade covering its left its right the olmutz road was covered by the Mariopol hussars and Yashvil's horse battery under general Wiitgenstein. His main infantry line consisted of 6 battalions of Old Ingermarland and Pskov Musketeers with 3 battalions of Arkhnagel Musketeers in the second flank was 2 battalions of 5 Jaeger and the Pavlovgrad hussars & Cossacks which had taken part in the diversionary attack gration had withdrawn the 5 squadrons of Tver dragoons as a final cavalry reserve. In all Bagration had 14 infantry battalions and 53 guns, with 43 regular cavalry squadrons(several depleted) plus 25 odd Cossack squadrons. Lannes and Murat massed 20 infantry battalions with 32 guns and 72 squadrons (kellerman depleted) While bagration had slight advantage in artillery, french had a solid advantage in infantry and retained several fresh squadrons of heavy odds were against bagration. The whole french left moved into attack around 1:00 pm. Caffarelli attempted to storm Holubitz but was met by devastating russian artilllery fire and forced back. Suchet advanced his infantry to just out of russian artillery range then brought up Lannes's 12 pounder corps spite being lesser in number the french heavies had greater range and proceeded to bombard bagration's infantry line around 1:30 pm after heavy bombardment suchet launched his attack on bagration's russian infantry doggedly held their ground and drove the french back after a fierce was wounded and his division had suffered significant casulaities. Further north D'hautpol charged the 2 battalions of the 5 J attempting to withdraw with half(6 sqns) his cuirassier regiment. One battalion was broken and ridden down but the second managed to form square and fend off the atatck until the Cossacks and pavlovgrad hussars launched a countercharg with this new threat D'hautpol withdrew his squadrons south to reform, murat shifted Kellerman and Walther to cover this move and halt the russian horsmen. (this is why we see d'hautpol in third line behind kellerman and walther in map) 5J managed to retrea t. SECOND WAVE OF FRENCH ATTACKS: Caffarelli renewed his attack on Holubitz, this time co-ordinated from 2 directions with 6 battalions and drove back the outnumbered 3 battalions of 6J. Bagration was forced to reinforce this sector with his 3 reserve battalions of AR musketeers. With a attack down the olmutz road difficult due to presence of massed artillery and the russian left had just been reinforced, Lannes and murat opted to break bagration's stretched line with a simultaneous attack on centre and right. At around 2:00 pm, Suchet's infantry fixed bayonets and charged Bagration's frontline once spite taking heavy losses to the russian musketry, the french scenting victory came on. (D'Hautpol)​ Meanwhile murat unleashed his whole cavalry on Chaplits's Pavlovgrad hussars and cossacks while milhaud and trelliard attacked from the flank 2 prong attack was too much and they broke and fled when murat's 3rd line-D'hautpol's armoured cuirassiers joined the fray. D'hautpol now wheeled right and struck Bagration's infantry line on its exposed left flank. Combined with suchet's bayonet attack bagration's dogged infantry finally collapsed cuirassiers conducted an effective pursuit sabring many fleeing enemy 's infantry also captured 16 gration slowed the french pursuit with the Tver dragoons, and with his centre broken withdrew his remaining force s as 3:00 pm french had cleared the area of allied forces. NEXT: RIGHT WING-ENDGAME BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ-VIII ​ RIGHT WING: DESTRUCTION OF THE ALLIED COLUMNS At around 12:30 pm Przbhyshevsky and Olsufiev finally understood the catastrophe on the pratzen heights and stopped any further advance against davout and prepared to withdraw. Davout however would not allow the allied columns before Sokolnitz to disengage, he too had seen the french victory on heights and was determined to keep playing his part-he ordered his reformed battalions forward for a renewed assault at sokolnitz. At around this time a breathless and panicked Langeron arrived at the ngeron claimed that he had first gone to buxhowden to notify him of the events on the pratzen, but Buxhowden had dismissed him saying - 'You general are seeing the enemy everywhere' to which Langeron shot back - 'And you general, are not in a state to see anything ' accusing him of being vertheless Buxhowden refused to divert from the original plan without orders from kutuzov. A desperate langeron now returned to his own column to find reinforcements for the centre (by this time it was too late). Langeron ordered the 2 battalions of Kursk musketeers from his reserve to hurry to kamensky's aid, while he withdrew five more battalions from sokolnitz to the east bank of goldabch (see map), intending these to follow the kursk up the heights to assist kaminsky. DAVOUT'S ATTACK ON SOKOLNITZ: Davout refused his right flank protected by sokolnitz pond and on high ground and left Heudelet with 5 battalions (3L, 108L) and Bourcier's dragoon s as a blocking detatchment against any move from Dokhturov or left 2 battalions and some cavalry on his left his remaining centre 9 battalions Davout set his sights on Sokolnitz. Shifting the depleted 15Light to his flank he set it to launch a light pinning attack on przbyshevsk y's left, while the 33L targeted the hinge of II and III columns other 5 battalions would attack sokolnitz from front and left. (3 battalions swing around-see map). The 33L was unable to make much progress against russian grenadiers while the outnumbered 15Light was halted by russian jaegers( 7J). Further west however russian situation became critical, Langeron had just withdrawn the five battalions of his second line when davout's 5 battalions attacked his remaining 4 battalions at sokolnitz from front and flank, the 4 russian battalions were on verge of encirclement and pushed to the N-E of sokolnitz. Faced with this sudden threat to the rear, Langeron reversed 2 of his 5 battalions and send them to reinforce sokolnitz. Unfortunately these now had to recross the goldbach under withering fire from the french garrisoned in buildings on the southern end of sokolnitz and were stalled this, Langeron finally gave up the idea of reinforcing the heights and ordered olsufiev to retake sokolnitz with all five. Then he rode off on a desperate mission to Buxhowden to get anwhile the 2 battalions of the kursk musketeers that had gone ahead towards the pratzen were now marching forward unsupported. Meanwhile Davout's success at sokolnitz village exposed Przbyshevsky, and more importantly cut off the bridge through sokolnitz village which was main route of withdrawal. (this bridge was under attack by olsufiev) The only other bridge over the goldbach was further north, right in the path of the french forces who would soon be sweeping down the pratzen heights. (see map-the 2 bridges around sokolnitz) ​ SOULT DESCENDS ON THE ALLIED REAR: As Napoleon gave the signal from his new HQ at Chapel, Soult ordered Levausseu r, till now inactive at Kobelnitz to advance on Sokolnitz -he would have to go through Wimpfen to get to III column's rear(wimpfen had been left behind to by Przbyshevsky to watch Levausseur earlier). Meanwhile 10 battalions of St. Hilaire's division would descend upon II and III column's rear at poleon ordered 4 of Vandamme's battalions( 46L, 57L)to support ST. Hilaire. At some point(exact unknown) the descending french came face to face with the 2 hapless battalions of Kursk Musketeers sent to assist Kaminsky by mass of french infantry simply enveloped this force from all sides which was completely destroyed or taken prisoner. (see map 1) Vandamme's other 6 battalions (4 battalions of 4L, 24light had rallied after their defeat to russian guard cavalry) were to march for Augezd, to Buxhowden's rear and which guarded the single bridge on Buxhowden's Line of retreat the Littawa stream. Meanwhile Langeron arrived again at Buxhowden's HQ to find him behaving erratically(possibly drunk)and highly now Buxhowden had recieved Kutuzov's order to retreat and refused any reinforcements to Langeron to sokolnitz. Langeron now rode back to Sokolnitz to save whatever he could of his column. (Colour map less accurate, but conveys general idea)​ MASSACRE AT SOKOLNITZ: Wimpfen's battalions faced Levausseur advancing from Kobelnitz and were holding their ground when( black-white map)when St. hilaire's second line 14L, 36Light joined the assault overwhelming his right flank of Wimpfen's force retreated south towards sokolnitz which was now becoming a the retreat Wimpfen and part of his forc e was attacked by Boye's dragoons and captured. St. Hialire's ten battalions supported by 5 of Levausseur's now arrived on the goldbach and attacked Sokolnitz from the rear. Przbyshevshky found himself in an impossible situation trapped from the front and left by Davout, attacked in the right flank, by Leavausseur and his rear by desperate infantry of the III column took refuge in the buildings and castle of sokolnitz. Russian resistance increasingly disorganized, broke down into isolated pockets of resistance which the french cleared in savage house to house fighting 's infantry having fought all day and suffered heavily, were exasperated by the obstinate resistance of the rusian infantry who in many cases refused to surrender and gave no quarter. Przbyshevshky made a desperate breakout to the north towards Kobelnitz with a band of survivors but was s oon mopped up and surrendered to Oudinot's grenadiers approaching from that allied III column had been annihilated. Langeron saw the fate of III column and knowing he was next, abandoned his 4 trapped battalions at sokolnitz and withdrew with Olsufiev's 5 remaining battalions east of the goldbach that had been trying to retake the was all that remained of II column. VANDAMME TAKES AUGEZD: With the resistance at Sokolnitz nearing its end Vandamme began his attack on Augezd with his 6 battalions, he was to be supported by 7 more coming from sokolnitz. However he was kept at bay for a whole hour by the 12-pdr battery of Sivers who bought the allies invaluable time. Buxhowden who had begun the withdrawal of 12 reserve battalions between tellnitz and Augezd (check map 1) had been at the head of the first 2 which had passed Augezd and managed to retreat east over the Littawa stream. Stalled before Augezd by Siver's heavy guns, soult ordered Boye's dragoons towards Tellnitz to pursue Kienmeyer and Dokhturov's retreating forces there and harry Langeron's survivors from Sokolnitz. ​ Finally Vandamme had his own artillery in position and began his assault on Augezd 4L leading the fray, shamed by the loss its eagle -it launched a savage assault followed by the other 2 regiments taking augezd within half an hour -with Sivers's batteries captured. was a major setback for the allies,. However Vandamme's capture of Augezd now seperated the following 10 battalions from the front 2, these battalions were now trapped between Tellnitz and Augezd and leaderless. Buxhowden who had escaped with 2 battalions, convinced he had been betrayed, was found raging in a dazed state - ''I have been abandoned, I have been sacrificed! '' Kienmeyer and Dokhturov had been belatedly ordered to retreat by Buxhowden as his final act from the west bank of the goldbach and were about to crowd into the same area between Augezd and ngeron's 5 battalions were also heading the same allies now had no escape route except over and around the frozen Satchan pond and nearby marshes. BACKS TO THE WALL:FINAL ROUT - The french hemmed in the allies from all sides, to the north Dokhturov's eleven battalions and Kienmeyer were streaming back towards tellnitz intending to escape through a narrow causeway west of the stachan pond, they were being harassed by Davout's right(5-6 battalions) which he had left on the defensive and Bourcier's dragoons. Boye's dragoons dispatched by Soult to harass these forces were effectively stalled by the superb O'reilly chevauxlegers which greatly displeased napoleon. ​ By the time the O'reilly had been forced back with the aid of the french guard artillery, the remaining allied troops had degenerated into a desperate mass of fugitives fleeing across the pond s (luckily not deep enough to drown completely) as the french closed in from all sides scooping up thousands of prisoner the artillery had to be abandoned, and Napoleon ordered the french artillery to fire on the icy pond breaking the ice drowning several men Napoleonic propaganda numbered them in several thousands actual number was probably around and O'reilly had saved a large remnant of first column from total and Soult's men having fought all day were too exhausted to carry out a vigorous pursuit acroos the icy ponds and swamps. (The Ice breaks on the Satchan)​ OTHER SECTORS: In the north Bagration had collected his forces for a last stand against the french unable to retreat due to the large body of french cavalry, when to his good fortune 2 austrian batteries from the rear arrived. Bagration positioned these on elevated positions while he conducted a phased withdrawal, the guns stalling a french pursuit and murat persisted for a with daylight dwindling and having recieved no news from Napoleon Murat decided to hold their current position. In the centre, Bernadotte found the russian guard at Krenowitz retreating but the town garrisoned by jaegers and reinforced by 3 fresh life greandier bridge was protected by a artillery battery. Deducing that storming the bridge and town would be very costly Bernadotte called off Drouet's infantry. The Battle of the Three Emperors was over. NEXT:AFTERMATH AND ANALYSIS AFTERMATH AND ANALYSIS LOSSES: The allies suffered enormous losses -~ 16, 000 Killed and wounded and 12, 000 prisoners. 1/3rd of the allied army had been wiped also lost 197 guns -70% of their whole artillery and 50 regimental standards. The french lost a mere 1300 killed and 7000 wounded and lost 1 eagle. As the sun went down the french soldiers stood masters of the field, they and their emperor had won France's greatest victory on the battlefield. A satisfied napoleon issued a jubiliant proclamation to his soldiers. - "Soldiers: I am pleased with you. In the Battle of Austerlitz you have justified all that I expected from your intrepidity. You have decorated your eagles with immortal glory. An army of one hundred thousand men, commanded by the Emperors of Russia and Austria, has been, in less than four hours, either cut in pieces or dispersed. Thus in two months the third coalition has been vanquished and dissolved. Peace can not now be far distant. But I will make only such a peace as gives us guarantee for our future, and secures rewards to our allies. When everything necessary to secure the happiness and prosperity of our country is obtained, I will lead you back to France. My people will behold you again with joy. It will be enough for one of you to say, 'I was at the battle of Austerlitz;' for all your fellow citizens to exclaim, 'There is a brave man. '" ​ AFTERMATH: Austerlitz ended the third coalition. Austria sued for peace the next day with an audience between Napoleon and Francis resulting in the Treaty of harsh terms which led to a huge war indemnity and considerable loss of territory for austria ensured that she would rise to once again challenge france in the veral austrian officers were purged, Weyrother died heartbroken within a few chduke Charles began the new reform process. The prussian envoy who had arrived at the french camp to deliver the prussian ultimatum watched the rout of teh allied army and promptly changed the poleon was not fooled and brusqely told the ambassador when presented with a letter of congratulations - ''It seems the letter has been all too recently readdressed'' the entire grande army camped in southern germany and russia and austria out of the war, prussia was cowed into a formal alliance with france. ​ The battle was a learning experience for young czar itially shocked by the defeat he was found to the rear weeping under a tree, but soon regained his battered remnants of the army retreated back to russia, but it didn't make formal peace with france until 1807. In Britain at first austerlitz was dismissed as a rumor, for one month british newspapers projected it as a allied truth hit home when napoleon presented his peace terms to austria. A heartbroken William Pitt, architect of the 3rd coalition died soonafter from his death he famously prophesized - ''Roll up that map of Europe, it will not be needed these 10 years'' the British home islands secured by Nelson's destruction of the french navy at Trafalgar britain remained defiant against napoleonic france. The news of the victory was met with delirium in paris. The captured guns were melted down to build the victory column that still stands. In all, Napoleon had dealt a massive and fatal blow to the third coalition that left Austria crushed, Russia humiliated, Prussia scared out of her wits and Britain shorn of her continental stood on the continent and Napoleon Bonaparte was on his way to becoming master of Europe. Some historians also consider austerlitz as sowing the seedsof his austerlitz Napoleon's wars had been reactionary. After austerlitz, his foreign policy became increasingly imperialistic and arrogant incredible success may have fueled his megalomania. ​ BATTLE ANALYSIS: Austerlitz is considered one of the greatest tactical masterpieces of military history alongside the likes of Cannae, Leuthen, Gaugamela luring of the allied army, the perfect timing of strategic reinforcements, superb use of terrain all showed Bonaparte at the zenith of his military glory. There were several causes of the french success. CHOOSING THE BATTLEFIELD-USE OF TERRAIN: Napoleon fought the battle on ground he had selected over a week use of terrain was goldbach with the easily defended villages of tellnitz and sokolnitz were perfect to anchor the weak french right wing, while the french centre remained hidden behind the village of Puntowitz. Napoleon purposedly gave up the high ground and then seized it back mid several parts of the battlefield the french used broken/constricted terrain to delay or stall numerically superior allied forces. DECEPTION: Napoleon wholly decieved allied command as to both his actual strength and intentions weakening of the right wing, and the feigned withdrawal from the pratzen fooled the allies completely. ALLIED OVERCONFIDENCE: The allies's overconfidence contributed to their downfall as they assumed napoleon helpless before failure to acknowledge the independent will of the enemy meant they took no measures to protect against a french counterblow. SECURITY AND SURPRISE: Despite the seemingly weak right wing Napoleon had actually taken measures to secure this sector, with davout's corps and was prepared to reinforce him with oudinot's if the allies had broken through, Napoleon had a secondary line of communications. Napoleon surprised the allies completely twice, strategically with Davout and Bernadotte's addition and tactically with his counterattack on the pratzen. CONCENTRATION OF FORCE AND ECONOMY OF EFFORT: Napoleon maintained a perfect balance between concentration and economy of effort, massing a powerful force in his center(concentration) while retaining just enough to keep the allies at bay on his right flank with inferior forces(economy). The allies meanwhile overloaded their left wing attack columns and thus didn't have enough troops to defend their centre. ​ TIMING: Napoleon's timing was impeccable, both in arrival of strategic reinforcements on the day of battle and also in soult's centre reverse could be said of the leisurely allied attack on the french right. LEADERSHIP: French officers generally outperformed their counterparts in this co-ordination was better and smoother(Vandamme-St hilaire or LanNes-Murat vs Langeron-Przbyshevshky-Buxhowden for example) of the corps commanders performed their tasks well, with davout and soult being the allied side Buxhowden was a liability, miloradovich all Napoleon outthought allied high command. CONTROL: Austerlitz is a classic example of a rare control battle- where a commander manages to impose his will on the enemy to an extent that the enemy is manipulated into doing exactly what he desire s. (Usually in a battle, opposing commanders act and react to other other as battle flows) Napoleon toyed with allied high command making them act as if in his own words 'they were acting on my orders' a way the allies had lost half the battle the minute they committed to it. ''Victorious warriors win first and then go to war, while defeated warriors go to war first and then seek to win'' -Sun Tzu. This level of battlefield control is exhibited in very few battles in history, cannae being the other prime example. (U. S army manuals describe austerlitz as a control battle example) Napoleon later boasted of all his sixty battles austerlitz was the easiest and most decisive. Credits-references. Austerlitz Campaigns of Napoleon andler Austerlitz:Empire at its zenith Obscure battles blog Napoleonistyka website Austerlitz animated project - website............................................................................... X ----------------------------------X................................................................................. 4.

Panipat 3a the great betrayal watch stream dj. Facial expressions of kriti senon. Amazing. Panipat: The Great Betrayal Watch stream. 2:16 what is his name. Oct 15, 2019 William Dalrymple on writing The Anarchy, his history of the East India Company's conquest of the subcontinent Through William Dalrymple’s enjoyable history of the East India Company, a study in contrasts emerges: the juxtaposition of the Company’s rise in India with the Mughal empire’s collapse, the personalities of the emperor Shah Alam and Robert Clive, and quite importantly, the perception of the ‘Raj’ in India versus the reality of a corporate, profit-driven enterprise being at the helm.

Panipat: The Great Betrayal Watch streams.

 

Wow, people are talking about athiya shetty acting, not nawazzudin. Thats different.

Coauthor: History Of Rajputana

Biography: ।। ॐ श्री गणेशाय नम:।। ॐ ह्रीं ऐं ह्रीं सरस्वत्यै नमः ।।🙏😊 मूल कर्तव्य: राजपूत इतिहास अध्धयन ।